Exploring the Influence of Acupuncture on Hormonal Regulation and Menstrual Health in Women

Introduction

Acupuncture is used to treat a wide range of health conditions and has been practiced for thousands of years. It is often used to relieve pain, manage stress, and address various physical and mental health issues. Acupuncture is typically performed by trained and licensed practitioners who use sterile needles to stimulate specific acupuncture points, and the treatment is tailored to each individual’s specific needs and health concerns. It is often considered a complementary or alternative therapy within the field of medicine.

How does Acupuncture work?

Traditional Chinese medicine posits that acupuncture works by balancing the flow of vital energy, or qi, through the body’s meridian pathways. From a modern medical perspective, here are some key theories and mechanisms proposed to explain the effects of acupuncture:

• Acupuncture induces neural and neurotransmitter responses by activating sensory nerves within the skin and muscles, initiating signals to the central nervous system. This activation potentially prompts the release of endorphins and other innate pain-relieving substances in the body, consequently diminishing pain and fostering an overall sense of well-being.
• The application of acupuncture might stimulate the body to release substances with anti-inflammatory properties, potentially mitigating inflammation and contributing to alleviating pain. (Dr Isa Pirmoradi. 2019)
• The Gate Control Theory posits that acupuncture can impact the spinal cord’s “gate control” mechanism, wherein the transmission of pain signals can be regulated or obstructed by alternative sensory inputs, such as the sensations produced by the insertion of acupuncture needles. By influencing this gate control system, acupuncture has the potential to alleviate the perception of pain.
• Release of Anti-Inflammatory Substances: Acupuncture may trigger the release of anti-inflammatory substances in the body, which can reduce inflammation and contribute to pain relief
• Modulation of the Autonomic Nervous System: Acupuncture may help regulate the balance between the sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest) branches of the autonomic nervous system. This balance can influence stress levels, heart rate, and other bodily functions.
• Connective Tissue and Fascia Effects: Some researchers suggest that acupuncture may affect connective tissues and fascia, which could have implications for pain relief and healing.
• Endocrine and Hormonal Regulation: Acupuncture is thought to influence the release of various hormones and neuropeptides, potentially impacting hormonal imbalances. This is particularly relevant in the context of acupuncture’s effects on menstruation and hormonal regulation, as mentioned in your essay heading.

• Blood Flow and Circulation: Acupuncture is thought to enhance blood circulation in specific regions. This heightened circulation facilitates the delivery of increased oxygen and essential nutrients to surrounding tissues, fostering a conducive environment for healing processes and aiding in the efficient removal of waste products.

Acupuncture and Women

Acupuncture is believed to influence hormonal balance in women through several proposed mechanisms. By stimulating specific acupuncture points, it is thought to modulate the activity of the endocrine system, including the glands responsible for hormone production and regulation, such as estrogen and progesterone. Additionally, acupuncture may trigger the release of neurotransmitters, particularly endorphins, acting as natural painkillers and playing a role in hormonal modulation. The therapy’s stress-reducing effects are considered significant, as chronic stress can disrupt hormonal balance, and acupuncture’s calming influence on the central nervous system may be particularly relevant for conditions like irregular periods or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Furthermore, acupuncture is believed to enhance blood flow and circulation, contributing to improved oxygenation and nourishment of reproductive organs, potentially aiding in the maintenance of hormonal balance. While these theories are plausible, ongoing research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and effectiveness of acupuncture in influencing hormonal dynamics in women.

Periods

Menstruation, commonly referred to as a period, is a natural and recurring physiological process in the reproductive system of women. It involves the shedding of the uterine lining, which occurs approximately once a month, although the menstrual cycle can vary in length among individuals. Menstruation is a key aspect of the female reproductive cycle and typically begins during adolescence and continues until menopause, usually in the late 40s or early 50s. It is characterized by the flow of blood and tissue from the uterus through the vagina, lasting for several days. Menstruation is regulated by
hormonal changes and serves as a mechanism for the body to prepare for potential pregnancy.

PMS

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) refers to a combination of physical and emotional  symptoms that many women experience in the days or weeks leading up to their menstrual period. PMS typically occurs during the second half of the menstrual cycle and can vary widely in terms of severity and symptoms among individuals. Common PMS symptoms include mood swings, irritability, bloating, breast tenderness, fatigue, and headaches. These symptoms often subside once menstruation begins. While PMS is a common phenomenon, some women may experience more severe and disruptive symptoms, a condition known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). The exact cause of PMS is not fully understood, but hormonal fluctuations, particularly changes in estrogen and progesterone levels, are believed to play a role in its development.

Management and treatment of PMS may involve lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and medications to alleviate specific symptoms. (Great Wall TCM.2021)

How Acupuncture Helps to Decrease Menstrual Pain

Acupuncture is sometimes used as a complementary or alternative therapy to help

alleviate the symptoms of PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome). While the exact mechanisms by which acupuncture helps PMS are not fully understood and may vary from person to person, there are several ways in which acupuncture is believed to offer relief:

1- Hormonal Regulation: Acupuncture is thought to influence the endocrine system and hormonal balance. By stimulating specific acupuncture points, it may help regulate
hormonal fluctuations, particularly those related to the menstrual cycle. This regulation can potentially reduce the severity of PMS symptoms.

2- Stress Reduction: PMS symptoms are often exacerbated by stress and anxiety.
Acupuncture has been shown to have a calming and stress-reducing effect. It can

trigger the release of endorphins and other neurochemicals that promote relaxation, which can help mitigate emotional symptoms like irritability and mood swings.

3- Pain Relief: Acupuncture can help relieve physical symptoms associated with PMS, br />such as abdominal cramps, breast tenderness, and headaches. The insertion of acupuncture needles may stimulate the release of natural pain-relieving substances inthe body.

4- Improved Blood Circulation: Acupuncture is believed to enhance blood circulation, which can reduce bloating and fluid retention often associated with PMS.

5- Balancing Energy Flow: In traditional Chinese medicine, it is believed that acupuncture helps balance the flow of energy (qi) in the body. By addressing energy imbalances, it may help alleviate a wide range of symptoms, including those related to PMS.

6- Gastrointestinal Support: Some PMS symptoms, like digestive issues and food cravings, can be addressed through acupuncture. It may help regulate gastrointestinal function and reduce digestive discomfort.

7- Individualized Treatment: Acupuncture treatments are highly individualized and can be tailored to address a person’s specific PMS symptoms and overall health. Practitioners will assess the individual’s condition and select acupuncture points accordingly. (Great Wall TCM. 2021)

It’s important to note that the effectiveness of acupuncture for PMS can vary from person to person. Some individuals may find significant relief from their PMS symptoms with acupuncture, while others may not experience the same level of benefit. If you’re considering acupuncture for PMS or any other health condition, it’s advisable to consult with a licensed and qualified acupuncture practitioner or healthcare provider to discuss your specific needs and develop a personalized treatment plan. Additionally, acupuncture is often used as part of a broader approach to managing PMS, which may include lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and other therapies.

Irregular Periods

“Irregular periods” refers to a variation in the length of the menstrual cycle or changes in the regularity of menstrual bleeding. A normal menstrual cycle typically ranges from 21 to 35 days, with the average cycle lasting about 28 days. An irregular period may manifest as:

• Cycle Length Variations: Menstrual cycles that are consistently shorter than 21 days or longer than 35 days are considered irregular. For example, having a cycle that lasts 25 days one month and 35 days the next could be considered irregular.
• Inconsistent Menstrual Bleeding: Irregular periods can involve changes in the amount or duration of menstrual bleeding. This might include unusually heavy or light flow or variations in the number of days you experience bleeding.

Several Factors that can contribute to Irregular Periods

• Hormonal Imbalances: Fluctuations in hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, can affect the regularity of menstrual cycles. Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid disorders can contribute to hormonal imbalances.
• Stress: Physical or emotional stress can impact the menstrual cycle. High levels of stress can disrupt the hormonal balance needed for regular menstruation.
• Weight Changes: Significant changes in body weight, whether through weight loss or gain, can affect hormonal balance and lead to irregular periods.
• Contraceptive Use or Discontinuation: Starting or stopping hormonal contraceptives can temporarily affect menstrual regularity as the body adjusts to changes in hormone levels.
• Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis, or pelvic inflammatory disease, can contribute to irregular periods.

 

Ways in which acupuncture can help with irregular periods

Menopause is a natural biological process that marks the end of a woman’s reproductive years. It typically occurs in the late 40s to early 50s, signalling the cessation of menstrual periods. Menopause is primarily a result of the aging process, leading to a decline in the production of reproductive hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, by the ovaries. This hormonal shift brings about various physical and emotional changes, including symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, and changes in sleep patterns. While menopause is a normal part of aging, the associated symptoms can vary widely in intensity and duration among women. Hormone replacement therapy and lifestyle modifications are often employed to manage symptoms and promote overall well-being during this transitional phase. (University of Westminster, 2019)

How can acupuncture help menopause?

The proposed mechanisms by which acupuncture may influence menopausal symptoms include:

• The regulation of hormonal imbalances, the release of endorphins (natural painkillers), and the modulation of the autonomic nervous system.
• Hot Flashes and Night Sweats: Acupuncture has been proposed to help regulate hormonal imbalances that can contribute to hot flashes and night sweats during menopause.
• Sleep disturbances:  Menopausal women often experience sleep disturbances. Acupuncture may help improve sleep quality by promoting relaxation and reducing stress and anxiety.
• Mood Swings and Anxiety: Acupuncture may have a calming effect on the nervous system, which can be beneficial for managing mood swings, anxiety, and irritability associated with menopause.
• Hormonal Balance: Acupuncture is believed to influence the endocrine system and may help regulate hormone levels, including estrogen and progesterone, which can be imbalanced during menopause.
• Joint and Muscle Pain: Some women experience joint and muscle pain during menopause. Acupuncture may help alleviate these symptoms by promoting blood flow and reducing inflammation. (University of Westminster. 2019)

 

Case Studies

Client 1

I had a 25-year-old client who experienced heavier menstrual periods and has family history of this. The scanty bright red blood, coupled with dizziness, blurred vision, night sweats, and feeling warmer at night, are indicative of a potential blood deficiency. Additionally, the thin, rapid pulse and a red tongue lacking a coating further support the diagnosis. Addressing this situation is crucial as the symptoms align with signs of potential anaemia, emphasizing the importance of medical attention and potential interventions to prevent further health complications. In my diagnosis, it appears that the root causes of the client’s menstrual challenges stem from a combination of overworking, both physically and mentally, along with experiencing stress and maintaining an irregular diet. I have observed that the demanding nature of constant physical exertion or prolonged mental strain can disrupt hormonal balance, leading to irregular menstrual patterns. Stress is a well-known factor affecting the menstrual cycle, and the inconsistency in diet further compounds these effects. I believe addressing these lifestyle factors, including prioritizing sufficient rest, incorporating effective stress management strategies, and adopting a balanced and regular dietary routine, is crucial for restoring hormonal equilibrium and improving the overall reproductive health of the client.

The needle points used for her were: lunge 7, Kidney 3, Kidney 6, kidney 13,and REN 7 Ears: Shen Men, Liver, Spleen, kidney

I have recommended to my client the adoption of a healthier dietary regimen,
emphasizing the reduction of fast-food intake and a greater incorporation of lightly cooked vegetables to preserve essential enzymes and vitamins. I advised opting for food free from unnatural additives, aiming for nourishment rich in Qi or vital energy. Additionally, I suggested limiting the use of salt and other spices. Increased water consumption was also encouraged to support overall progress. These dietary adjustments are aimed at promoting well-being by providing essential nutrients, reducing potentially harmful additives, and enhancing hydration, contributing to a more balanced and supportive
environment for the client’s reproductive health. Following each treatment session, the client reported positive lifestyle changes that correlated with a notable improvement in her well-being. She conveyed a reduction in menstrual pain, attributing it to the alterations in her lifestyle. Notably, she experienced lower stress levels, improved sleep quality, and diminished episodes of dizziness. Additionally, she shared that her most recent menstrual cycle was notably less painful. These observations suggest a positive response to the acupuncture treatment, reinforcing the connection between lifestyle modifications and the alleviation of her menstrual symptoms, underscoring the potential effectiveness of the interventions implemented during our sessions.

 

Client 2

I had a 49-year-old client presenting with a complex set of symptoms that emergedeight months ago, primarily characterized by a significant change in her menstrual cycle—occurring only once and lasting just a day.

Beyond the menstrual irregularities, she reported severe headaches, lower back pain, night sweats, and struggles with weight management.

Additionally, she expressed sensations of chest fullness, persistent belching, poor memory, nausea, hot flashes, mood swings, and disruptions in sleep patterns. I have diagnosed that the client is undergoing menopause, a natural biological transition signifying the shift from a reproductive to a non-reproductive phase in a woman’s life.

Menopause is characterized by hormonal changes, including a decline in estrogen and progesterone levels, leading to various symptoms. It’s essential to recognize that the duration of menopausal symptoms varies among individuals, ranging from six to twelve months for some women and extending to two to five years for others.

I have diagnosed my client as being in the menopausal phase, a natural biological transition marking the cessation of her reproductive capacity. Menopause results from hormonal changes, particularly a decline in estrogen levels. The duration of this transition can vary, typically taking six to twelve months for some women and extending to two to five years for others.

The age at which menopause occurs is influenced by diverse factors including overall health, obesity, smoking, history of miscarriage, alcohol consumption, emotional stress, rapid succession of childbirth, and hysterectomy.

I have worked with combined needle points for her such Phlegm and Liver Qi Stagnation and Blood stasis.

The needle points that I have used for her are:

REN 17, REN 4, PC 6, ST 40, SP 6, SP 9, SP 10, LV 3, BL 17

Ear: HT, KD, Shen Men

In addition to providing acupuncture sessions, I’ve incorporated blood letting therapy into my client’s treatment to enhance their overall well-being. Recognizing the integral role of lifestyle in health, I’ve encouraged my client to prioritize a balanced diet rich in fresh vegetables and recommended integrating regular exercise, with swimming as a beneficial option.

Furthermore, I’ve suggested to my client to engage in yoga and meditation practices.

By combining these holistic approaches, I aim to support my client’s journey towards improved health, harnessing the synergy between traditional therapies like acupuncture and lifestyle modifications for a more comprehensive and effective wellness strategy.

Throughout the six treatment sessions, my client has noted significant improvements, successfully managing her appetite and experiencing a reduction in night sweats. Alongside these positive changes, the implementation of a healthier diet has contributed to noticeable weight loss. The combination of treatments has proven effective in addressing her concerns, showcasing the positive impact of our collaborative efforts on both her physical and overall well-being.

 

References:

Great Wall TCM. (2021). The Ultimate Guide to TCM for Period Crumps in Singapore.
Available at: https://www.greatwalltcmclinic.com.sg/the-ultimate-guide-to-tcm-for-period-cramps-in-si
ngapore-2021/

University of Westminster. (2019). Traditional Chinese Medicine- What are we investigate? 
Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2233879/

YIN YANG House. (2022). Acupuncture for irregular menstruation- Treatment Protocols.
Available at: https://yinyanghouse.com/theory/treatments/acupuncture_for_irregular_menstruation/ 

AcuPro. (2017). Chinese Medicine Treatments Made Easy. PDF Tabib. (2020). What is acupuncture?

Dr Isa Pirmoradi. (2019). Disease that can be treated by acupuncture.